Why is proper torque important during bolt installation?

Proper torque is crucial during bolt installation because it directly influences the integrity of the connection being created. When bolts are tightened to the specified torque, they create the optimal preload, which is the initial tension in the bolt that helps maintain clamping force. This clamping force is essential for keeping the components joined together securely, preventing movement and possible separation.

If the torque applied is too low, the bolt may not hold the components firmly, leading to gaps that could allow for undesirable movement or stress concentrations that can result in fatigue and eventual failure. On the other hand, excessive torque can yield or strip the threads, leading to weak connections and bolt breakage. Both scenarios can create a dangerous situation, especially in structural applications, automotive mechanisms, or machinery, where joint failure could lead to accidents or significant operational issues.

Thus, ensuring proper torque during installation is vital for the longevity and reliability of the bolted assembly, making it an essential practice in mechanical and construction applications.