What is the purpose of a washer when used with a bolt?

The purpose of a washer when used with a bolt is to distribute the load and prevent damage to the surface. Washers are typically placed between the bolt head or nut and the material being fastened. This distribution of pressure helps to avoid localized deformation or damage to the surface of the material, which can occur when a concentrated load is applied, especially with soft materials.

In addition to load distribution, washers also help to improve connection integrity by providing a smoother surface, which can enhance the fastening's overall stability. They can prevent loosening of the bolt due to vibrations in various applications. Proper use of washers is critical in ensuring that the joint remains secure and that the materials being fastened remain undamaged over time.